APOLLO 204/APOLLO 1
 
          January 27, 1967.  Tragedy struck on the launch pad during a
preflight test for Apollo 204 (AS-204), which was scheduled to be the first
Apollo manned mission, and would have been launched on February 21, 1967.
Astronauts Virgil Grissom, Edward White, and Roger Chaffee lost their lives
when a fire swept through the Command Module (CM).
          The exhaustive investigation of the fire and extensive reworking of
the CMs postponed any manned launch until NASA officials cleared the CM for
manned flight.  Saturn 1B schedules were suspended for nearly a year, and the
launch vehicle that finally bore the designation AS-204 carried a Lunar
Module (LM) as the payload, not the Apollo CM.  The missions of AS-201 and
AS-202 with Apollo spacecraft aboard had been unofficially known as Apollo 1
and Apollo 2 missions (AS-203 carried only the aerodynamic nose cone).  In the
spring of 1967, NASA's Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight, Dr.
George E. Mueller, announced that the mission originally scheduled for Grissom,
White and Chaffee would be known as Apollo 1, and said that the first Saturn V
launch, scheduled for November 1967, would be known as Apollo 4.  The eventual
launch of AS-204 became known as the Apollo 5 mission (no missions or flights
were ever designated Apollo 2 and 3).

          The second launch of a Saturn V took place on schedule in the early
morning of April 4, 1968.  Known as AS-502, or Apollo 6, the flight was a
success, though two first stage engines shut down prematurely, and the third
stage engine failed to re-ignite after reaching orbit.